What is considered when evaluating Economic Efficiency?

The evaluation of Economic Efficiency involves assessing whether resources are allocated in a way that maximizes the total benefit to society. This is encapsulated in the concept of marginal analysis, where the key focus is on comparing the marginal benefit of the last unit produced to its marginal cost.

When the marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost, it signals that producing that additional unit adds more value to society than it costs to produce it, suggesting efficient resource allocation. Conversely, if the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit, it indicates that resources could be better utilized elsewhere, as producing that additional unit does not provide sufficient value to justify its cost. Therefore, Economic Efficiency is achieved when the production of goods and services aligns optimally with consumer preferences and resource costs.

In this context, while overall market demand, the balance between producer profits and consumer satisfaction, and externalities are important concepts in economics, they do not directly capture the essence of economic efficiency as precisely as the relationship between marginal benefit and marginal cost. Hence, the correct answer captures the foundational idea of how efficiency is evaluated in an economic system.